Medición del dolor durante el trabajo de parto: evaluación de la usabilidad de un nuevo dispositivo / Pain measurement during labor: usability evaluation of a new device

Objetivo: Evaluar la usabilidad de un dispositivo para medir el dolor durante el trabajo de parto a través de siete ítems: tamaño, textura, facilidad de uso, peso, resistencia, comodidad y seguridad. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Se solicitó a 60 pacientes usar el sensor manual durante el transcurso de seis contracciones uterinas (aproximadamente 10-20 minutos) y al día siguiente se aplicó una encuesta en la que las pacientes evaluaron la usabilidad del dispositivo en cuanto a textura, peso, resistencia, comodidad, facilidad de uso, tamaño del sensor, seguridad de uso, peso del sensor, resistencia y comodidad, mediante una escala de Likert de 1 a 7. La seguridad fue evaluada con una escala de 1 a 5. Resultados: Se realizaron gráficos de caja. Con respecto a la seguridad, un 86% de las usuarias marcaron 5 puntos en la escala, percibiendo el dispositivo como seguro. Conclusiones: El dispositivo fue percibido como seguro, liviano, fácil de usar y cómodo.

Objective: To evaluate the usability of a device to measure pain during labor through seven items: size, texture, ease of use, weight, resistance, comfort, and safety. Method: Longitudinal observational study. 60 patients were asked to use the manual sensor during the course of six uterine contractions (approximately 10-20 minutes) and the following day a survey was applied where the patients evaluated the usability of the device in terms of texture, weight, resistance, comfort, easiness of use, sensor size, safety of use, sensor weight, resistance and comfort through a Likert scale from 1 to 7. Safety was evaluated with a scale from 1 to 5. Results: They were schematized with a box plot. Regarding safety, 86% of the users scored 5 points on the scale, perceiving the device as safe. Conclusions: It can be seen that the device was perceived as safe, light, easy to use and comfortable.

Vulnerabilidad de la infraestructura sanitaria en relación a la Covid-19 en el distrito de Castilla-Piura 2021- 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la infraestructura sanitaria: equipos y suministros, ambientes construidos, humanización de la atención y la COVID-19 dentro del Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible en el distrito de Castilla - Piura en el año 2022. Métodos: Adopta el paradigma hermenéutico, con un diseño de tipo transversal, de tipo cualitativo, en base a encuestas aplicadas a una muestra estadística del sector de Castilla; a su vez, se realizaron entrevistas no estructuradas, dirigidas a expertos profesionales de la salud. Resultados: Se observa que el 100% de los hospitales de II y III nivel y centros de salud en Piura, se encuentran en condiciones inadecuadas para lograr la eficiencia y la efectividad en la atención, tanto en infraestructura sanitaria, equipos y suministros, como en los ambientes construidos y humanizados. Conclusión: El estado deficiente de los establecimientos de salud, ha determinado el incremento de casos de COVID-19, durante la pandemia, porque no cuentan con ambientes adecuados para atender diferentes patologías así como por la inadecuada zonificación de las áreas de aislamiento respiratorio y de vectores, las que deben responder a la realidad de esta región; esta situación plantea la necesidad de formular un plan de contingencia regional, la misma que garantice atención prioritaria y de calidad frente a situaciones de emergencia, así como la vivida durante la pandemia.

Objective: The relationship between the sanitary infrastructure, considering three aspects such as: equipment and supplies; built environments; humanization of care against COVID-19 in the district of Castilla - Piura in the year 2022. Methods: It adopts the Hermeneutic paradigm, with a cross-sectional, qualitative design, based on surveys applied to a statistical sample from the Castilla sector, unstructured interviews were conducted, aimed at health professional experts. Results: It is observed that 100% of the II and III level hospitals and health centers in Piura are in inadequate conditions to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in care, both in infrastructure-equipment, in built environment and humanized. Conclusion: The deficient state of health establishments has determined the increase in cases of COVID 19, during the pandemic, because they do not have adequate environments to treat different pathologies, as well as due to inadequate zoning of respiratory and vector isolation areas, those that must respond to the reality of this Region; This situation raises the need to formulate a regional contingency plan, the same one that guarantees priority and quality care in emergency situations, as well as life during the pandemic.

Diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú: estudio preliminar / Situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru: a preliminary study

Objetivo : Describir el diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú evaluadas en el 2019 y 2020. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo del análisis secundario de datos de la evaluación que realizó la Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPS-MR durante los años 2019 y 2020. Las variables fueron: logro en el equipamiento, infraestructura, documentos/herramientas de gestión y manuales y guías de práctica clínica, funciones, recursos humanos, procedimientos y logro total. Cada logro tenía como puntaje mínimo 0% y como puntaje máximo 100%. Además, se realizó un análisis secundario para comparar el logro de las UPS-MR según nivel de categorización y región. Resultados: Catorce UPS-MR fueron incluidas en la investigación. Seis (42,9%) fueron de categoría III-1 y 6 (42,9%) eran de la región Lima. El mayor logro fue en las funciones (74,1%) y el menor logro en los recursos humanos y procedimientos (41,9% y 40,8%). Finalmente, el logro total tuvo una media de 58,3%±14,6%. Conclusiones : Las UPS-MR tienen el mayor logro en las funciones y los menores logros en recursos humanos y procedimientos. El logro total fue alrededor del 50%.

SUMMARY Objective : To describe the situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru from 2019 to 2020. Methods: This a cross-sectional study that included a secondary analysis of an evaluation performed by the Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud of the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPMRS from 2019 to 2020. Variables included in the analyses were achievement of infrastructure, equipment, documents of administration, guidelines of clinical practice, human resources and total achievement. The minimal score per achievement was 0% and the maximum was 100%. Achievements stratified by region and categorization were made. Results: Fourteen PMRS were included; six (42.9%) were category III-1 and six (42.9%) were from Lima Region. Best achievement was in functions (74.1%) and worst was in human resources and procedures (41.9% and 40.8%, respectively). Finally, total achievement had a mean score of 58.3%±14.6%. Conclusions: UPMRS had better achievements in functions and worse in human resources and procedures, total achievement was 50%.

Coincidence rate of adjustable and non adjustable desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the coincidence rate of adjustable and non adjustable desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference for the effective management of desks and chairs in schools.@*Methods@#Stratified random cluster sampling was applied to measure 1 091 sets of desks and chairs in 33 classrooms of 7 primary and secondary schools in 4 districts of Shanghai including Huangpu, Hongkou, Yangpu and Jiading districts. The height examination data of seated students in the same semester were also collected to evaluate the matching type of functional size of desks and chairs and students height according to Functional Sizes and Technical Requirements of Chairs and Tables for Educational Institutions.@*Results@#The matching coincidence rate of desk and chair distribution in primary and secondary schools was 22.5%, and the matching coincidence rates of primary, middle and high schools were 11.7%, 27.1% and 40.9% respectively ( χ 2=83.23, P <0.01); the matching coincidence rate of adjustable desks and chairs (28.2%) was significantly higher than that of fixed (18.2%) ( χ 2=14.49, P <0.01). The type of distribution of desks and chairs that do not correspond to national standards, from elementary school to high school, showing a trend of high desks with high chairs, low desks with high chairs to high desks with low chairs.@*Conclusion@#The coincidence rate of desk and chair distribution in primary and secondary schools is low, and the adjustable desks and chairs has improved the problems to a certain extent, but has not significantly improved the coincidence rate. It is necessary to further explore the effective management mode in the use of adjustable desks and chairs and improve the current situation of the use of desks and chairs in schools.

Panorama das Intervenções Coronárias Percutâneas em Oclusões Totais Crônicas em Centros Participantes do LATAM CTO Registry no Brasil / Overview of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Total Occlusions Treated at Brazilian Centers Participating in the LATAM CTO Registry

Resumo Fundamento Tem sido observado um grande avanço nas técnicas e nos dispositivos para a realização de intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) em oclusões totais coronarianas crônicas (OTC), mas existem poucos dados da prática do mundo real em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivos Relatar as características clínicas e angiográficas, os aspectos dos procedimentos e os resultados clínicos da ICP de OTC em centros dedicados a esse procedimento no Brasil. Métodos Os pacientes incluídos foram submetidos à ICP de OTC em centros participantes do LATAM CTO Registry, um registro multicêntrico latino-americano dedicado à coleta prospectiva desses dados. Os critérios de inclusão foram procedimentos realizados no Brasil, idade acima de 18 anos e presença de OTC com tentativa de ICP. A definição de OTC foi lesão de 100% em uma artéria coronária epicárdica, conhecida ou estimada como tendo pelo menos 3 meses de evolução. Resultados Foram incluídos dados de 1.196 ICPs de OTC. Os procedimentos foram realizados principalmente para controle da angina (85%) e/ou tratamento de uma grande área isquêmica (24%). A taxa de sucesso técnico foi de 84% e foi alcançada com técnicas de fios anterógrados em 81%, dissecção/reentrada anterógrada em 9% e retrógrada em 10% dos procedimentos. Os eventos cardiovasculares adversos intra-hospitalares ocorreram em 2,3% dos casos, sendo a mortalidade de 0,75%. Conclusões As OTC podem ser tratadas no Brasil por intervenção coronária percutânea de forma efetiva e com baixas taxas de complicações. O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico observado nessa área na última década reflete-se na prática clínica de centros brasileiros dedicados a essa técnica.

Abstract Background Major advances have been seen in techniques and devices for performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs), but there are limited real-world practice data from developing countries. Objectives To report clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedural aspects, and clinical outcomes of CTO PCI performed at dedicated centers in Brazil. Methods Included patients underwent CTO PCI at centers participating in the LATAM CTO Registry, a Latin American multicenter registry dedicated to prospective collection of these data. Inclusion criteria were procedures performed in Brazil, age 18 years or over, and presence of CTO with PCI attempt. CTO was defined as a 100% lesion in an epicardial coronary artery, known or estimated to have lasted at least 3 months. Results Data on 1196 CTO PCIs were included. Procedures were performed primarily for angina control (85%) and/or treatment of moderate/severe ischemia (24%). Technical success rate was 84%, being achieved with antegrade wire approaches in 81% of procedures, antegrade dissection and re-entry in 9%, and retrograde approaches in 10%. In-hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 2.3% of cases, with a mortality rate of 0.75%. Conclusions CTOs can be treated effectively in Brazil by using PCI, with low complication rates. The scientific and technological development observed in this area in the past decade is reflected in the clinical practice of dedicated Brazilian centers.

Incidência de lesões por pressão relacionadas a dispositivos médicos em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto* / Incidencia de lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos médicos en unidades de cuidados intensivos para adultos / Incidence of medical device-related pressure injuries in an adult intensive care unit

Objetivo: determinar a incidência de lesões por pressão relacionadas a dispositivos médicos e os fatores associados em unidade de terapia intensiva adulta. Método: quantitativo, observacional, prospectivo. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro e novembro de 2020, em um hospital público. Utilizou-se instrumento para avaliações diárias da pele sob e peri os dispositivos. Resultados: foram analisados 1.579 dispositivos em 292 avaliações, em 47 pacientes. Identificando-se 233 lesões (14,9%). A incidência de lesões foi de 6,1%. Em 20,9% (n= 61) dos dispositivos utilizados, as lesões foram relacionadas ao tubo orotraqueal. Com relação às regiões acometidas por lesões, 10,4% (n= 24) ocorreram nas orelhas; 7,8% (n= 18), na face. As lesões estágio 1 foram as mais frequentes (n=147; 63,3%) nas avaliações realizadas. Conclusão: observou-se incidência de 6,1%. Ressalta-se a necessidade de manter a vigilância, em especial em pacientes com tubo endotraqueal. Medidas de prevenção devem ser adotadas para diminuir a ocorrência destas lesões.

Objective: to determine the incidence of medical device-related pressure injuries and associated factors in adult intensive care unit. Method: quantitative, observational, prospective. Data were collected between September and November 2020, in a public hospital. An instrument was used for daily evaluations of the skin under and peri the devices. Results: 1,579 devices were analyzed in 292 evaluations in 47 patients, identifying 233 injuries (14.9%). The incidence of injuries was 6.1%. In 20.9% (n = 61) of the devices used, the injuries were related to the orotracheal tube. Regarding the regions affected by injuries, 10.4% (n = 24) occurred in the ears; 7.8% (n = 18) in the face. Stage 1 injuries were the most frequent (n=147; 63.3%) in the evaluations performed. Conclusion: incidence was 6.1%. The need to maintain surveillance is emphasized, especially in patients with endotracheal tube. Prevention measures should be adopted to reduce the occurrence of these injuries.

Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos médicos y los factores asociados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos para adultos. Método: cuantitativo, observacional, prospectivo. Los datos fueron recogidos entre septiembre y noviembre de 2020, en un hospital público. Se utilizó instrumento para evaluaciones diarias de la piel bajo y peri los dispositivos. Resultados: se analizaron 1.579 dispositivos en 292 evaluaciones, en 47 pacientes. Identificándose 233 lesiones (14,9%). La incidencia de lesiones fue del 6,1%. En el 20,9% (n= 61) de los dispositivos utilizados, las lesiones fueron relacionadas al tubo orotraqueal. Con relación a las regiones afectadas por lesiones, 10,4% (n= 24) ocurrieron en las orejas; 7,8% (n= 18), en la cara. Las lesiones etapa 1 fueron las más frecuentes (n=147; 63,3%) en las evaluaciones realizadas. Conclusión: se observó incidencia de 6,1%. Se subraya la necesidad de mantener la vigilancia, en especial en pacientes con tubo endotraqueal. Se deben adoptar medidas preventivas para reducir la aparición de estas lesiones.

Novel Technique for Box-Lesion Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Combined with Off-Pump Coronary Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: We propose a new technique for box-lesion ablation combined with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods: Eight male patients with paroxysmal (n=2) or persistent atrial fibrillation (n=6) and coronary artery disease underwent box-lesion ablation combined with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Box-lesion ablation was performed using a bipolar flexible clamping device with irrigated electrodes which was originally designed for thoracoscopic epicardial ablation. Results: Complete revascularization was performed in all patients. There were no deaths or major complications. At a median follow-up of 14 months, seven patients (87.5%) were in sinus rhythm. Conclusion: Box-lesion ablation can be easily and effectively combined with coronary artery surgery in an off-pump setting.

Research progress in portable diagnosis devices for traumatic intracranial hematoma / 中华创伤杂志

Traumatic intracranial hematoma progresses rapidly and may cause quick increase of intracranial pressure and even brain hernia, ultimately leading to coma or death. Therefore, traumatic intracranial hematoma needs prompt treatment, but the prerequisite of treatment is early examination and diagnosis. Due to the limited transportation and other reasons, the existing large-scale detection devices such as CT and MRI cannot be deployed on the rescue site or during patient transportation. Instead, the portable diagnosis devices have the characteristics of miniaturization and high flexibility, which is conducive to promoting early detection, assisting diagnosis and further guiding the formulation of treatment plans. At present, more and more attention has been paid to the portable diagnosis devices in the diagnosis of intracranial hematoma. The authors summarized the conventional diagnosis methods and application of portable diagnosis devices for traumatic intracranial hematoma, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematoma.

Planejamento virtual em cirurgia ortognática: relato de caso / Virtual planning for orthognathic surgery: case report / Planificación virtual en cirugía ortognática: reporte de caso

Introdução: A correção das deformidades dentofaciais depende do bom diagnóstico, da precisão do planejamento e da correta execução da técnica cirúrgica. Buscando maior precisão, o planejamento virtual para cirurgia ortognática tem sido uma ferramenta amplamente aplicada pela cirurgia bucomaxilofacial. Este trabalho demonstra, por meio de caso clínico, os benefícios adquiridos pelo planejamento virtual, no que diz respeito a quantificação do movimento, avaliação da predição dos tecidos moles e osteotomias, assim como discorre sobre os cuidados e passos necessários para um correto planejamento. Relato do caso: Paciente de perfil classe II, submetida ao protocolo de planejamento virtual com aquisição de imagens tomográficas, escaneamento intraoral e utilização de software digital para avaliação diagnóstica, planejamento e impressão dos guias cirúrgicos. A mesma foi acompanhada durante 3 meses de pós operatório, apresentando boa precisão e previsibilidade nos movimentos cirúrgicos realizados. Discussão: Ao se realizar uma avaliação clínica acurada, somada a aquisição de imagens tridimensionais, a partir das tomografias de face, escaneamentos intraorais e o manejo da tecnologia CAD/CAM, é possível se alcançar maior precisão no planejamento e predictibilidade cirúrgica, bem como realizar um melhor diagnóstico das deformidades transversas. Contudo, deve-se levar em consideração a necessidade de conhecimento teórico-prático para a correta execução dos passos para o planejamento virtual. Considerações finais: Dado o exposto, foi possível observar precisão no resultado obtido e compatibilidade entre os movimentos planejados e executados. Assim como, demonstrou se aspectos relativos a cada um dos passos para o protocolo virtual, expondo-se suas particularidades e diferenças em relação ao planejamento convencional... (AU)

Introducción: La corrección de las deformidades dentofaciales depende de un buen diagnóstico, de la precisión de la planificación y la correcta ejecución de la técnica quirúrgica . Buscando mayor precisión, la planificación virtual para cirugía ortognática ha sido una herramienta aplicada ampliamente por la cirugia bucomaxilofacial. Este trabajo demuestra, por medio de un caso clínico, los beneficios obtenidos por la planificación virtual, en lo que respecta a la cuantificación del movimiento, evaluación de la predicción de los tejidos blandos y de las osteotomia, así enfatizando los cuidados y pasos necesarios para una correcta planificación. Relato de caso: Paciente con perfil clase II, utilizando protocolo de planificación virtual con adquisición de imágenes tomográficas, escaneamento intra-oral y uso de software digital para evaluación diagnóstica, planificación e impresión 3D de los guías quirúrgicos. La paciente tuvo seguimiento pos operatorio por tres meses, corroborando la precisión y previsibilidad de los movimientos quirúrgicos planificados y ejecutados. Discusión: Al realizarse una evaluación clínica acurada, sumando una adquisición de imágenes tridimensionales, a partir de la tomografía facial, escaneamento intra-oral y el manejo de tecnologia CAD/CAM, es posible alcanzar mayor precisión en la planificación y previsibilidad quirúrgica, así como un diagnóstico más acurado de las alteraciones transversas. Con todo, se debe considerar la necesidad de conocimiento teórico práctico para la correcta elaboración de un proyecto de planificación quirúrgica virtual. Consideraciones finales: Por lo expuesto, se observó precisión en el resultado obtenido considerando los movimientos planificados y ejecutados. Así como se describió aspectos relativos a cada uno de los pasos del protocolo virtual utilizado, exponiendo sus particularidades y diferencias en relación a la planificación quirúrgica convencional... (AU)

Introduction: The correction of dentofacial deformities depends directly on a good diagnosis, the precision of the surgical planning and the correct execution of the technique. Seeking greater precision, virtual planning for orthognathic surgery has been a tool widely applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This work demonstrates, through a case report, the benefits acquired by virtual planning, regarding the quantification of movement, evaluation of the prediction of soft tissues and osteotomies, as well as discusses the accuracy and steps necessary for a correct planning. Case report: Class II facial profile patient, submitted to the virtual planning protocol with acquisition of tomographic images, intraoral scanning and use of digital software for diagnostic evaluation, planning and printing of surgical guides. She was followed up for 3 months after the operation, showing good precision and predictability in the surgical movements performed. Discussion: When performing an accurate clinical evaluation, added up to the acquisition of three-dimensional images, from face tomography, intra-oral scans and the management of CAD/CAM technology, it is possible to achieve greater precision in surgical planning and predictability, as well as accomplish a better diagnosis of transverse deformities. However, one must take into account the need for theoretical practical knowledge for the correct execution of the steps for virtual planning. Final considerations: Given the above, it was possible to observe precision in the result obtained and compatibility between the planned and executed movements. As well, aspects related to each of the steps for the virtual protocol were demonstrated, exposing their particularities and differences in relation to conventional planning... (AU)

Vena Cava Filter Misplacement: A Killer Traveler

ABSTRACT Inferior vena cava filter embolization is not uncommon and can reach 11.8%. However, device migration to the heart is not frequent and occurs in cases after inferior vena cava filter fracture. We present the case of a young woman who was submitted to a routine inferior vena cava filter placement three days before and presented with hemodynamic instability. Since the device was not retrievable, the surgical team opted for an open cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass to remove the inferior vena cava filter and avoid other further complications.

Perception of neonatology staff regarding the availability of equipment and supplies for the care of patients in need of nCPAP / Percepción del personal de neonatología sobre la disponibilidad de equipo e insumos para la atención de pacientes con necesidad de nCPAP

Abstract Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is Mexico's second leading cause of neonatal mortality. The 75% reduction in mortality due to RDS has been attributed to the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). A survey was conducted to determine the perception of the medical staff regarding the availability of nCPAP equipment and supplies in Mexican hospitals with neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods: We sent a survey via e-mail to several neonatologists in each state of the country, requesting only one response per hospital. We performed statistical analysis with SPSS software. Results: We received 195 surveys from private (HPri) and public (HPub) hospitals with NICUs nationwide: 100% of HPri and 39% of HPub. More than 75% of the nursing and medical staff had received formal training in nCPAP in 11% of HPri and 5% of HPub. The perceived availability of CPAP equipment was 83.7% vs. 52.1%; nasal cannula supply, 75.5% vs. 36.3%; air/oxygen blender availability, 51.0% vs. 32.9%, in HPri and HPub, respectively. The observed differences were statistically significant. Significant differences were also found among healthcare institutions. Conclusions: The availability of CPAP equipment and consumables between HPub and HPri is unbalanced and is lower in public institutions. Bubble CPAP is not included essential equipment in the national catalog of instruments and equipment for public hospitals, and its request is complicated. The training of CPAP staff and the availability of bubble CPAP and supplies in public hospitals should be improved.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (SDR) es la segunda causa de mortalidad neonatal en México. La reducción del 75% de la mortalidad por SDR se le ha atribuido al uso de la presión positiva nasal continua de las vías respiratorias (nCPAP). Se realizó una encuesta con el objetivo de conocer la percepción del personal médico acerca de la disponibilidad del equipo e insumos para nCPAP en hospitales de México que cuenten con unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Métodos: La encuesta se envió por correo electrónico a varios neonatólogos de cada estado del país y se solicitó una sola respuesta por cada hospital. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS. Resultados: Se recibieron 195 encuestas respondidas tanto de hospitales privados (HPri) como públicos (HPub) que cuentan con UCIN a escala nacional: el 100% de HPri y el 39% de HPub. Más del 75% del personal de enfermería y médico recibió una capacitación formal en nCPAP en el 11% de HPri y el 5% de HPub. La percepción de disponibilidad de equipos de presión positiva continua de las vías respiratorias (CPAP) fue del 83.7% vs. el 52.1%; el abasto de cánulas nasales, del 75.5% vs. el 36.3%; la disponibilidad del mezclador aire/oxígeno, del 51.0 % vs. el 32.9%, en HPri y HPub, respectivamente. Las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas. También se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las instituciones de salud. Conclusiones: La disponibilidad de equipo y material de consumo para CPAP entre HPub y HPri es desequilibrada, y es menor en las instituciones públicas. El CPAP burbuja no se encuentra incluido en el cuadro básico de equipo médico y se dificulta su solicitud. Debe mejorarse la capacitación del personal en CPAP y la disponibilidad de CPAP burbuja e insumos en los hospitales públicos.

Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Individuals According to their Sex, Type of Cardiac Device, and Diagnosis of Chagas Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators are alternatives for the treatment of arrhythmias, however, their use has caused changes in the emotional state of patients. The objective of this study was to compare the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals according to their sex, type of cardiac device, and diagnosis of Chagas disease. Methods: This is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted with adults with implantable cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We used the Student's t-test for independent samples and the Chi-squared test, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Two hundred forty-four patients participated in the study, 168 with cardiac pacemakers and 76 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators; 104 had Chagas cardiomyopathy (85 with cardiac pacemakers and 19 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators). No statistically significant differences were found in measures of anxiety and depression symptoms according to device type (P=0.594 and P=0.071, respectively) and the presence of Chagas etiology (P=0.649 and P=0.354, respectively). Women had higher mean scores for anxiety (P=0.002) and depression symptoms (P<0.001). Conclusion: In the comparison between the groups, according to the type of implanted device and the diagnosis of Chagas disease, no significant differences were found in the measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. Women showed higher means when compared to men, indicating the need to test and implement interventions to minimize these symptoms in this population.

Adesão de protocolo assistencial sobre fixação de cateter nasoenteral / Adhesion of assistance protocol on nasoenteral catheter fixation / Adhesión del protocolo de asistencia sobre fijación de catéter nasoenteral

Objetivo:Verificar a adesão da equipe de enfermagem a um protocolo assistencial de fixação de cateter nasoenteral, após ação de educação em saúde. Método: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, de campo, observacional e descritivo, em um hospital no município do Rio de Janeiro. Constituiu-se de duas etapas: ação de educação em saúde sobre um protocolo de fixação de cateter nasoenteral e coleta de dados após ação de educação em saúde, sob a forma de observação não participante, com a utilização de instrumento contendo informações referentes à presença de fixação, tipo de fixação, registro da data do procedimento e condições da fixação do cateter nasoenteral. Resultados: As ações de educação em saúde abrangeram a participação de 133 profissionais de enfermagem. Dos 123 pacientes observados, 100% possuíam fixação, sendo a mais prevalente a fixação nasal (60,16% / n = 74). Em 68,29% (n = 84) não havia registro de data, 95,93% (n = 118) e 87,80% (n = 108) apresentavam boas condições de limpeza e aderência, respectivamente. Conclusão: Não se atingiu um resultado satisfatório quanto à adesão ao tipo de fixação e registro da data do procedimento. Apesar da adesão insatisfatória, houve alta correlação positiva entre a adesão dos profissionais nas ações de educação e razão de acerto do tipo de fixação

Objective:To verify the adherence of the nursing team to a care protocol for the fixation of a nasoenteral catheter, after a health education action. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, field, observational and descriptive study in a hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It consisted of two stages: health education action on a nasoenteral catheter fixation protocol and data collection after health education action, in the form of non-participant observation, using an instrument containing information regarding the presence of fixation, type of fixation, record of the date of the procedure and conditions of fixation of the nasoenteral catheter. Results: Health education actions encompassed the participation of 133 nursing professionals. Of the 123 patients observed, 100% had fixation, the most prevalent being nasal fixation (60.16% / n = 74). In 68.29% (n = 84) there was no date record, 95.93% (n = 118) and 87.80% (n = 108) had good cleaning and adherence conditions, respectively. Conclusion: A satisfactory result was not achieved regarding adherence to the type of fixation and registration of the date of the procedure. Despite the unsatisfactory adherence, there was a high positive correlation between the professionals' adherence to the education actions and the correctness ratio of the type of fixation.

Objetivo:Verificar la adhesión del equipo de enfermería a un protocolo de asistencia para la fijación de catéter nasoenteral, después de una acción de educación en salud. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, de campo, observacional y descriptivo en un hospital de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Constó de dos etapas: acción de educación en salud sobre un protocolo de fijación de catéter nasoenteral y recolección de datos después de la acción de educación en salud, en la forma de observación no participante, utilizando un instrumento que contiene información sobre la presencia de fijación, tipo de fijación, registro de la fecha del procedimiento y condiciones de fijación del catéter nasoenteral. Resultados: Las acciones de educación en salud contaron con la participación de 133 profesionales de enfermería. De los 123 pacientes observados, el 100% presentaba fijación, siendo la más prevalente la fijación nasal (60,16% / n = 74). En el 68,29% (n = 84) no hubo registro de fecha, el 95,93% (n = 118) y el 87,80% (n = 108) tuvieron buenas condiciones de limpieza y adherencia, respectivamente. Conclusión: No se logró un resultado satisfactorio en cuanto a la adherencia al tipo de fijación y registro de la fecha del procedimiento. A pesar de la adhesión insatisfactoria, hubo una alta correlación positiva entre la adhesión de los profesionales a las acciones de educación y la razón de acierto del tipo de fijación.

Validation of a brochure to guide health professionals in the dressing and undressing of personal protective equipment during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Objective: To develop and validate a brochure to guide health professionals in properly dressing and undressing the personal protective equipment (PPE) used in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: To develop the brochure, an integrative literature review was conducted after searching the following databases: SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE. The brochure was evaluated by 38 health professionals (nurses, physical therapists, and doctors) employing the Delphi technique. The results were analyzed using the Content Validity Index. Results: In the first evaluation cycle, the items in the brochure were considered by the panel of experts as ranging from "unsuitable" to "totally adequate". After the appropriate corrections suggested by the experts, the brochure once again was sent to the second evaluation cycle, in which all items were rated as "adequate" or "totally adequate." The result is a Content Validity Index of 1.0. Conclusion: The present study allowed the development of a brochure and its validation by consensus among the evaluation group. The developed and validated brochure presents the reliability of the technique of dressing and undressing the PPE used by health professionals during the pandemic of COVID-19. This information contributes to the management of assistance with quality and safety for the frontline workers and patients. (AU)

Role of a continuously developed information traceability system in the management of foreign medical instrument packages / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the role of a continuously developed information traceability system in the management of foreign medical instrument packages in central sterile supply department (CSSD).Methods:A total of 350 foreign medical instrument packages processed by CSSD during May to June 2021 in Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were included in the control group. These packages were managed with the original information traceability system. A total of 375 foreign medical instrument packages processed by CSSD during July to August 2021 in Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were included in the observation group. These packages were managed with a continuously developed information traceability system. Step-by-step reminding and early warning control were performed according to the problems encountered in actual operation. Quality management indexes of foreign medical instrument packages and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results:The percentages of good cleaning and functional integrity of the foreign medical instrument packages, functional integrity of sterile barrier after sterilization, timely monitoring of biological culture results, standardized handover, postoperative cleaning and detoxification in the observation group were 96.0% (360/375), 98.7% (370/375), 99.5% (373/375), 98.9% (371/375), and 99.7% (374/375), which were significantly higher than those in the control group [84.2% (295/350), 92.6% (325/350), 91.4% (320/350), 89.1% (312/350), 84.9% (297/350), χ2 = 28.48, 15.40, 27.72, 31.80, 58.12, all P < 0.05]. The percentages of instrument breaking, instrument mixed or damaged, wet packages, information label error, oversized and overweighed packages in the observation group were 0.8% (3/375), 0.3% (1/375), 0.8% (3/375), 0.3% (1/375), and 0.5% (2/375), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [4.3% (15/350), 4.6% (16/350), 3.4% (12/350), 10.0% (35/350), 7.7% (27/350), χ2 = 9.08, 14.65, 6.17, 36.34, 24.31, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:A continuously developed information traceability system is very important for management of medical instrument processed in CSSD. A developmental traceability system not only continuously improves quality control of foreign medical instrument and decreases the incidence of adverse events, but also increases the responsibility and enthusiasm of staff, thereby ensuring the safety for patients.

Debriefing in clinical nursing simulation: an analysis based on the theory of experiential learning / Debriefing en simulación clínica de enfermería: un análisis basado en la teoría del aprendizaje experimental / Debriefing na simulação clínica em enfermagem: uma análise a partir da teoria da aprendizagem experiencial

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meaning of the debriefing process performed in clinical simulation activities in a nursing course, based on Kolb's Theory of Experiential Learning. Method: Qualitative, case study type, carried out in a nursing course at a University in southern Brazil, from March to June 2018. For data collection, documentary research was used, the interview based on Kolb's Leaning Style Instrument, with 29 participants and direct observation of eight debriefing scenes. For analysis, the integrated units of analysis obtained from the construction of explanation were used. Results: Documentary data and the Inventory contributed to the understanding of clinical simulation and debriefing was categorized into four learning modes. Conclusion: Clinical simulation as an experiential learning methodology relates experience, perception, cognition and behavior with elements identified in the debriefing by students.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender el significado del proceso de debriefing realizado en actividades de simulación clínica en un curso de enfermería, basado en la Teoría del Aprendizaje Experiencial de Kolb. Método: Cualitativo, tipo estudio de caso, realizado en un curso de enfermería en una Universidad del sur de Brasil, de marzo a junio de 2018. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la investigación documental, la entrevista basada en el Instrumento de Estilo de Aprendizaje de Kolb, con 29 participantes. y observación directa de ocho escenas de interrogatorio. Para el análisis se utilizaron las unidades integradas de análisis obtenidas de la construcción de la explicación. Resultados: Los datos documentales y el Inventario contribuyeron a la comprensión de la simulación clínica y el debriefing se clasificó en cuatro modos de aprendizaje. Conclusión: La simulación clínica como metodología de aprendizaje experiencial relaciona la experiencia, la percepción, la cognición y el comportamiento con elementos identificados en el debriefing por los estudiantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender o significado do processo de debriefing realizado nas atividades de simulação clínica em um curso de enfermagem, a partir da Teoria da Aprendizagem Experiencial de Kolb. Método: Qualitativo do tipo estudo de caso, realizado num curso de enfermagem de uma Universidade do Sul do Brasil, de março a junho de 2018. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental, a entrevista baseada no Instrumento de Estilo de Aprendizagem de Kolb, com 29 participantes, e a observação direta de oito cenas de debriefing. Para análise, utilizaram-se as unidades integradas de análise obtidas a partir da construção de explanação. Resultados: Os dados documentais e o Inventário contribuíram para o entendimento da simulação clínica e o debriefing foi categorizado em quatro modos de aprendizagem. Conclusão: A simulação clínica como metodologia de aprendizagem experiencial relaciona a experiência, a percepção, a cognição e o comportamento com elementos identificados no debriefing pelos estudantes.

Associated factors of environmental health in primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation of teaching and living environment in primary and secondary schools in Beijing and to provide basis for further intervention.@*Methods@#According to the national plan, an annual average of 92 schools in 16 districts of Beijing were investigated from 2017 to 2020, including school drinking water, canteen, toilet, dormitory management and equipment allocation. Classroom environment of some schools were tested,including the per capita area of classrooms, the agreement rate of desks and chairs distribution, blackboard reflectance, the average illumination and uniformity of desks, the average illumination and uniformity of blackboards, and noise.@*Results@#From 2017 to 2020,most of schools provided water purifiers and direct drinking water, accounting for 85.1% of all investigated schools. The proportion of students canteens in urban schools was increasing,accounting for 90.5% of all schools in 2020. And there was little change in suburban schools,reaching 85.1% in 2020. The proportion of school toilets equipped with soap increased significantly, 92.0% of school toilets were equipped with soap in 2020. The proportion of student dormitories with a per capita area of less than 3 m 2 decreased by year, and all reached the standard in 2020. The qualified rates of various classroom testing indicators, including per capita area in classroom, desk illumination uniformity, and noises, were higher than 80%, while the qualified rates of the blackboard illumination uniformity, desk allotment were lower than 80%.@*Conclusion@#The teaching and living environment in Beijing has improved in recent years, but there are still some problems need to be solved.

Validation of algorithms for donning and doffing personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The prolonged or incorrect use of facial masks, respirators and glasses or visors results in friction, pressure and shear forces that constantly act on the facial skin, leading to lesions and dermatitis. Objective: To develop and validate algorithms to guide health professionals in the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and indicate preventive measures against skin injuries caused by inappropriate use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: For the develoment of the algorithms, an integrative literature review was performed using the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS. The algorithms were evaluated by 59 health professionals (nurses, doctors, and physiotherapists), using the Delphi technique. A content validity index (CVI) was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The experts classified the items of the algorithms from fully inadequate to fully adequate in the first round of consultations, and from partially adequate to fully adequate in the second round. The overall CVI values were of 0.83 and 1.0 in the first and second rounds respectively. Conclusion: The algorithms validated by the expert panel can be used by health professionals when donning and doffing PPE, and to prevent the facial-skin lesions caused by their use. (AU)

Melhores práticas de reprocessamento de produtos para saúde / Best practices for reprocessing health products / Mejores prácticas para reprocesar productos sanitarios

Objetivo: Conhecer a produção científica sobre as práticas de reprocessamento de materiais hospitalares. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada em agosto e setembro de 2019 nas bases de dados da enfermagem, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Scientific Electronic Library Online. Utilizaram-se descri-tores em português, espanhol e inglês, com recorte temporal de cinco anos. Os resultados foram apresentados em quadro, e o corpus de análise em catego-rias, conforme o método dedutivo. Resultados: Foram identificados 1.207 artigos e selecionados seis deles em conformidade com os critérios de elegibi-lidade. Os delineamentos mais frequentes eram estudos quantitativos, no idioma português, configurando três categorias temáticas: processo de limpeza dos produtos para saúde; acondicionamento e esterilização dos produtos para saúde; armazenamento dos produtos para saúde. Conclusão: Foram evi-denciados os principais procedimentos realizados em cada etapa do reprocessamento de materiais, que deve ser descrita em protocolos institucionais. Destaca-se a lacuna de pesquisas com nível de evidência, voltadas para o reprocessamento de produtos para saúde.

Objective: To know the scientific production on the practices for reprocessing hospital materials. Method: This is an integrative review, con-ducted in August and September 2019 in the following nursing databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, andScientific Electronic Library Online. We used descrip-tors in Portuguese, Spanish, and English, with a five-year time frame. Results were presented in a table, and the corpus for analysis in categories, according to the deductive method. Results: We retrieved 1,207 articles and selected six of them based on the eligibility criteria. The most frequent designs were quan-titative studies in Portuguese, and three thematic categories were identified: cleaning process of healthcare products; packaging and sterilization of health-care products; storage of healthcare products. Conclusions: The main procedures performed at each stage of material reprocessing were determined and should be described in institutional protocols. We highlight the lack of research on the reprocessing of healthcare products with a higher level of evidence.

Objetivo: Conocer la producción científica sobre las prácticas de reprocesamiento de materiales hospitalarios. Método: Revisión integrativa, realizada de agosto a septiembre de 2019, en bases de datos especializadas en Enfermería, Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribeña en Ciencias de la Salud, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y Scientific Electronic Library Online. Se utilizaron descriptores en portugués, español e inglés, con un marco de tiempo de cinco años. Los resultados se presentaron en una tabla y el corpus de análisis en categorías, según el método deductivo. Resultados: Se identificaron 1.207 artículos y se seleccionaron seis de ellos, de acuerdo con los criterios de elegibilidad. Los diseños más frecuentes fueron estudios cuantitativos, en portugués, configurando tres categorías temáticas: proceso de limpieza de productos sanitarios; envasado y esterilización de productos sanitarios; almacenamiento de productos sanitarios. Conclusión: Se destacaron los principales procedimientos realizados en cada etapa del reprocesamiento del material, los cuales deben ser descritos en los protocolos institucionales. Se destaca la brecha en la investigación con nivel de evidencia, enfocada al reprocesamiento de productos sanitarios.